乡村社区旅游空间不正义及其“住改商”制度症结——波兰尼嵌入性视角下的西江苗寨实证研究

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.05.010

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摘要中国乡村旅游已成为乡村社区脱贫致富和空间不正义的一把双刃剑，而后者尚未引起学界和政界的足够重视。文章基于波兰尼嵌入性理论，分析揭示了乡村社区旅游“住改商”制度的脱嵌路径及其空间不正义的作用机理，并通过现场观察、访谈、问卷调查等定性定量方法，对西江苗寨进行了实证研究。结果表明：现代旅游经济的脱嵌是乡村社区旅游空间不正义的直接原因，而乡村旅游“住改商”制度的脱嵌则是其制度根源；波兰尼嵌入/脱嵌的经济及其制度区分，对于我国现阶段乡村旅游兼具农耕经济的嵌入与旅游经济及其制度的脱嵌矛盾面向极具解释力；对乡村社区旅游“住改商”制度实施反“脱嵌”制度安排，是破解乡村社区旅游空间不正义的有力举措。

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	王维艳
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关键词 ：乡村社区, 旅游空间不正义, 住改商, 波兰尼嵌入性理论, 西江苗寨

Abstract：Rural tourism in China has become a double-edged sword, alleviating poverty in rural communities on one side and causing spatial injustice on the other side. The latter, however, has not yet been paid the attention it deserves from the academic and political circles. With Polanyi's embeddedness theory as basis, this study analyzes the disembedding path of the residential-to-commercial conversion system and reveals the mechanism that leads to spatial injustice. It also carries out an empirical research on Miao Village in Xijiang via quantitative and qualitative methods such as onsite observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results indicate the following: the immediate cause of spatial injustice in rural community tourism is the disembeddedness of modern tourism economy; its systematic root is the disembeddedness of the conversion system. At its current stage, rural tourism in China has both the embeddedness of agricultural economy and the disembeddedness of tourism economy and the relevant system-Polanyi's notions of the embedded and disembedded and their systematic distinction are explanatory to the conflict. An effective method to reduce the spatial injustice is to apply anti-disembedding measures to the residential-to-commercial conversion system.

Key words： rural community spatial injustice in tourism residential-to-commercial conversion Polanyi's embeddedness theory Xijiang Miao village

收稿日期: 2019-10-21

PACS:

K901.6

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（42061029）

作者简介: 王维艳(1964-),女,云南建水人,教授,硕士,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为社区旅游与社区参与、旅游管理。E-mail:ynsdwwy@126.com。

引用本文:

王维艳, 李宏, 沈琼. 乡村社区旅游空间不正义及其“住改商”制度症结——波兰尼嵌入性视角下的西江苗寨实证研究[J]. 人文地理, 2020, 35(5): 77-84. WANG Wei-yan, LI Hong, SHEN Qiong. SPATIAL INJUSTICE IN RURAL COMMUNITY TOURISM AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF THE RESIDENTIAL-TO-COMMERCIAL CONVERSION SYSTEM: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON XIJIANG MIAO VILLAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLANYI'S EMBEDDEDNESS. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 35(5): 77-84.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2020.05.010 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2020/V35/I5/77

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